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Switzerland has mandatory military service ((ドイツ語:Militärdienst); (フランス語:service militaire); (イタリア語:servizio militare)) in the Swiss Army for all able-bodied male citizens, who are conscripted when they reach the age of majority, though women may volunteer for any position. People determined unfit for service, where fitness is defined as ''"satisfying physically, intellectually and mentally requirements for military service or civil protection service and being capable of accomplishing these services without harming oneself or others"'', are exempted from service but pay an additional 3% of annual income tax until the age of 30, unless they are affected by a disability. Almost 20% of all conscripts were found unfit for military or civilian service in 2008; the rate is generally higher in urban cantons such as Zurich and Geneva than in the rural ones. Swiss citizens living abroad are generally exempted from conscription in time of peace, while dual citizenship by itself does not grant such exemption. On September 22, 2013, a referendum was held that aimed to abolish conscription in Switzerland.〔(Referendums on 22 September 2013 ) Swiss Parliament, 28 June 2013. Retrieved, March 4, 2013〕 However, the referendum failed with over 73% of the electorate voting against it, showing the strong support for conscription in Switzerland. ==Recruitment== Service in the army or civil protection usually begins at the age of 20, but recruitment may commence as early as 16 for those interested in preparatory courses, which are a precondition for gaining access to some sectors of the armed forces. After the first written communications, all the male conscripts (for which attendance is mandatory) and female volunteers are convoked for an information day ((ドイツ語:Orientierungstag); (フランス語:Journée d’information); (イタリア語:Giornata informativa)), usually taking place near the municipality of residence of the attendants. During this day they are given a presentation of the army, the civil protection, Switzerland's security policy, an overview of their rights and duties and administrative directives.〔 On this occasion conscripts are issued a Service Record book, used to attest the fulfillment of military obligations.〔 It is possible to postpone service up to 4 years given adequate reasons (e.g. study abroad). Any further delaying of service could incur fines. Conscripts are advised to either carry out their service in a single long stretch or to fraction their time by undergoing recruit training first and serving in a later phase. Recruitment itself takes place over a period of two or three days in one of the six Recruitment Centres spread across Switzerland (Windisch, Lausanne, Sumiswald, Monte Ceneri, Rüti, Mels). Recruits are assigned different positions according to their physical fitness, intellectual capabilities and aptitude. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Conscription in Switzerland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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